The use of a liquid flowing under pressure to transmit power from one location to another is called what?

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Power transmission with a liquid under pressure is hydraulics. In hydraulic systems, a fluid—often water or oil—is kept under pressure so that it can transmit force from one place to another to do work, like moving a piston, turning a wheel, or operating a valve. This is what distinguishes hydraulics from the other options: pneumatics uses compressed gas rather than a liquid to transmit power; hydrology deals with water in the environment rather than engineered power transmission; fluid mechanics is the broader study of fluid behavior, with hydraulics being the practical application focused on using liquid pressure to perform work.